Annual Total Heat Emission

Summary Stats

Finer Grid Annual Heat Emission Summary Statistics (W/m2)
variable min Q1 mean median Q3 max
emission.exfiltration 0.001 0.015 0.252 0.029 0.086 135.890
emission.exhaust -0.011 0.007 0.029 0.013 0.027 1.810
emission.ref -0.196 0.000 0.114 0.000 0.032 75.480
emission.rej 0.000 0.017 0.237 0.033 0.120 29.413
emission.surf 0.011 0.248 1.050 0.479 1.063 48.644

Spatial distribution

For reference, the annual average solar radiation is 259.4 W/m2.

The following figure plots the average heat emission in W/m2. It’s computed by summing the total heat emission in each grid then dividing by the number of hours in a year and the grid size in m2. The legends reflects the 10th to 90th percentile of the heat emission.

The following plots shows the top 10 percent of the grids. The legend shows the 91th to the 99th percentile.

Building type composition of grids with high (top 10%) heat emission

The following table shows the building type composition for grid cells within the top 10% annual heat emission.

Building high-level type composition
usetype building.area.m2
industrial 40237952
residential 24821047
commercial 18703259
institutional 4007817
Building type composition
building.type building.area.m2
warehouse 23679808.9
multi-family 18106595.0
light manufacturing 12044125.2
large office 11947882.5
single-family 6420771.1
heavy manufacturing 4514018.2
small office 2311904.9
large hotel 2082915.6
hospital 1799185.3
medium office 1192840.6
nursing home 707781.0
religious 701590.6
small hotel 654493.1
supermarket 513222.7
secondary school 413736.2
primary school 385524.0
midrise apartment 293680.8

Spatial distribution of heat emissions from different components in buildings

The following figure shows the spatial distribution of total heat emissions for the five components.

Spatial distribution of building surface heat emissions

The following plots the heat emission from building surface. The legends reflects the 10th to 90th percentile.

The following zooms in to the high-emission grids with surface heat emission above the 90th percentile. The legends reflects the 91th to 99th percentile.

Building type composition of grids with high (top 10%) building surface heat emission

The following table shows the building type composition of grid cells with the top 10% building surface heat emission.

Building high-level type composition for grids with high surface heat emission
usetype building.area.m2
industrial 42358547
residential 25984236
commercial 14491966
institutional 3512849
Building type composition for grids with high surface heat emission
building.type building.area.m2
warehouse 26354510.2
multi-family 19167436.2
light manufacturing 11723924.5
large office 8881132.2
single-family 6530602.2
heavy manufacturing 4280112.0
small office 2154340.1
large hotel 1594792.5
hospital 1547624.1
medium office 972495.8
religious 686210.6
small hotel 600435.9
nursing home 577453.7
secondary school 356805.4
primary school 344755.0
supermarket 288769.3
midrise apartment 286197.7

Spatial distribution of building HVAC rejection heat emissions

The following plots the heat emission from building HVAC rejection. The legends reflects the 10th to 90th percentile.

The following zooms in to the high-emission group with HVAC rejection heat emission above the 90th percentile. The legends reflects the 91th to 99th percentile.

Building type composition of grids with high (top 10%) HVAC rejection heat emission

The following table shows the building type composition of grid cells with the top 10% building surface heat emission.

Building high-level type composition for grids with high HVAC rejection heat emission
usetype building.area.m2
residential 32205667
commercial 21306090
industrial 20602474
institutional 5485629
Building type composition for grids with high HVAC rejection heat emission
building.type building.area.m2
multi-family 21869365.7
large office 13050241.6
single-family 9997589.2
warehouse 9297583.4
light manufacturing 7293792.1
heavy manufacturing 4011098.8
small office 2713753.0
hospital 2342690.0
large hotel 2264517.0
medium office 1478432.1
nursing home 1209954.5
small hotel 976372.8
religious 856917.2
supermarket 822773.9
secondary school 546705.0
primary school 529362.5
midrise apartment 338712.6

Monthly Profile

Monthly heat emission averaged across grid cells

Monthly heat emission by different components averaged across grid cells

The average heat emission from building surfaces remain the largest across most months of the year except for January and December. Surface heat emission peaks in May, while HVAC rejection heat emission peaks in July. Heat emission from exfiltration do not exhibit much seasonality and remain pretty steady across all months while there are some dips in the summer months for the average zong exhaust air heat loss and the HVAC relief air heat loss.

Spatial distribution of heat emissions in a winter month and a summer month

The following plot shows the January and July total heat emission

The following plot shows the January and July total heat emission for different components

July heat emission

Total

The following figure shows the building heat emission in July. The legends reflects the 10th to the 90th percentile.

The following figure zooms to the grid cells with the top 10% building heat emission in July. The legends shows the 91th to the 99th percentile.

Building type composition for grids with high heat emission in July.

Building high-level type composition of top heat emission grids in July
usetype building.area.m2
industrial 40729629
residential 26119502
commercial 17941718
institutional 3963531

Building surface heat emission

This following figure shows the July building surface heat emission. The legends reflects the 10th to 90th percentile.

The following figure shows the July surface heat emission top 91th to the 99th percentile.

Building type composition for grids with high surface heat emission in July.

Building high-level type composition of top surface heat emission grids in July
usetype building.area.m2
industrial 40729629
residential 26119502
commercial 17941718
institutional 3963531

HVAC rejection heat emission

The figure visualizes the July HVAC rejection heat emission. The legends reflects the 10th to 90th percentile.

The figure shows the July HVAC rejection heat emission top 91th to the 99th percentile.

Building type composition for grids with high HVAC rejection heat emission in July.

Building high-level type composition of top HVAC heat rejection heat emission grids in July
usetype building.area.m2
industrial 40729629
residential 26119502
commercial 17941718
institutional 3963531